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  • TO BEGIN THE CLASS, PLEASE ANSWER THE QUESTION
    What is
    TRANSLATION?
    ANSWERS?
  • is decoding meaning and intent at the text level
    and then re-encoding them in a target language.
    product, process,
    and concept-general subject
    What else?
  • consists of changing from one to another state or form of texts
    across languages
    (Larson, 1998)
    WHAT ELSE?
  • is interpretation of verbal signs by means
    of -- other signs of the same language, some other language,
    signs of non-verbal sign systems
    intralingual, interlingual,
    and intersemiotic translation
    ANY MORE?
  • is not about comparing two languages,
    but about the interpretation of a text in two different languages,
    involving a shift
    between cultures
    T H U S
  • TRANSLATION INCLUDES
    linguistic, meaning,
    and cultural TRANSFER
    Not Understand? REPEAT AGAIN!

Steps in Translation

Text in Translation

Translation Procedures

Shifting in Translation

V-Flat Translation Theory

Two-Pole Theory (F&D)